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The object of analysis, description, and prediction of IIT is essentially the phenomenal content at a particular discrete point in time that holds over a short timescale, namely 100 to 300 ms as predicted by IIT. Experience is the capacity of a system to integrate information, that is, to discriminate among a set of possible states. It is important to analyze the identity between integrated information and experience: if having an experience means being conscious, and if integrated information is a kind of causal property within a physical system, it is possible to translate the axioms of experience into postulates of the physical substrate of consciousness (PSC). These phenomenological axioms are translated into postulates of the physical substrate of consciousness. In conclusion, we propose converging the short-term integration of inputs postulated in IIT (100–300 ms as in the alpha and theta frequency range) with the longer timescales (in delta and slower frequencies) of temporo-spatial expansion in TTC.Įxclusion: any experience is specified on a single set of elements and is definite in content and spatio-temporal grain, thus it excludes other possible experiences at the same time. Such a non-additive pre-stimulus-input interaction amounts to temporo-spatial expansion as a key mechanism of TTC for the constitution of phenomenal contents including their embedding or nesting within the ongoing temporal dynamic, i.e., the stream of consciousness. Due to their non-additive interaction, the single input is not only integrated with others in the short-term timescales of 100–300 ms (alpha and theta frequencies) (as predicted by IIT) but, at the same time, also virtually expanded in its temporal (and spatial) features this is related to the longer timescales (delta and slower frequencies) that are carried over from pre-stimulus to stimulus-related activity.
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On the neuronal side, this is detailed by considering those neuronal mechanisms driving the non-additive interaction of pre-stimulus activity with the input resulting in stimulus-related activity. For that purpose, we converge the IIT with the Temporo-spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC), which, assuming a multitude of different timescales, can take into view the temporal integration of specific phenomenal contents with other phenomenal contents over time. However, such short timescales leave open the temporal relation of specific phenomenal contents to others during the course of the ongoing time, that is, the stream of consciousness. This can well account for the integration of single inputs into a particular phenomenal content. Can Integrated Information Theory (IIT) account for this multitude of timescales of consciousness? According to the theory, the relevant spatiotemporal scale for consciousness is the one in which the system reaches the maximum cause-effect power IIT currently predicts that experience occurs on the order of short timescales, namely, between 100 and 300 ms (theta and alpha frequency range). This is reflected in our experience of various short-term phenomenal contents at discrete points in time as part of an ongoing, more continuous, and long-term ‘stream of consciousness’. Time is a key element of consciousness as it includes multiple timescales from shorter to longer ones.